Abstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji upaya UEFA dalam menanamkan norma inklusivitas di sepak bola Eropa melalui kampanye "Equal Game" yang diluncurkan pada tahun 2017. Kampanye ini bertujuan untuk melawan berbagai bentuk diskriminasi, termasuk rasisme, intoleransi agama, ketidaksetaraan gender, serta eksklusi berdasarkan disabilitas dan orientasi seksual. Dengan menggunakan kerangka "siklus hidup norma" yang mencakup tahap kemunculan, kaskade, dan internalisasi, studi ini menunjukkan bagaimana UEFA secara aktif bertindak sebagai "norm entrepreneur ". Kampanye "Equal Game" menjadi sarana utama untuk menyebarkan pesan inklusivitas secara luas melalui kompetisi besar, klub, dan pemain, sehingga menciptakan tekanan sosial untuk adopsi norma tersebut. Hasilnya, prinsip-prinsip inklusivitas telah berhasil diintegrasikan ke dalam regulasi formal UEFA, federasi nasional, dan kebijakan klub. Proses ini menandai adanya internalisasi norma. Meskipun demikian, penelitian ini juga menyoroti adanya tantangan signifikan. Terdapat resistensi terhadap norma ini yang berasal dari konteks politik dan budaya lokal, seperti ideologi nasional yang kuat di Prancis (laïcité) dan sentimen etno-nasionalis di Hungaria. Hasil penelitan menunjukkan bahwa meskipun kampanye "Equal Game" telah berhasil menanamkan norma inklusivitas dalam banyak aspek sepak bola Eropa, keberhasilan utamanya bergantung pada kemampuan untuk mengatasi berbagai bentuk resistensi yang terus muncul.
Kata kunci : Inklusivitas, Difusi Noma, Equal Game
Abstract
This study examines UEFA's efforts to instill norms of inclusivity in European football through its "Equal Game" campaign, launched in 2017. The campaign aims to combat various forms of discrimination, including racism, religious intolerance, gender inequality, and exclusion based on disability and sexual orientation. Using a "norm lifecycle" framework encompassing the stages of emergence, cascade, and internalization, the study demonstrates how UEFA actively acts as a "norm entrepreneur." The "Equal Game" campaign has become a key vehicle for disseminating inclusivity messages widely through major competitions, clubs, and players, creating social pressure for the norm's adoption. As a result, inclusivity principles have been successfully integrated into UEFA's formal regulations, national federations, and club policies. This process marks the internalization of the norm. However, the study also highlights significant challenges. Resistance to this norm stems from local political and cultural contexts, such as the strong national ideology (laïcité) in France and ethno-nationalist sentiment in Hungary. The research findings suggest that while the “Equal Game” campaign has been successful in embedding norms of inclusivity in many aspects of European football, its ultimate success depends on the ability to overcome the various forms of resistance that continue to emerge.
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